Combating Midnight Regulation
نویسندگان
چکیده
The flurry of regulatory activity by the outgoing administration of President George W. Bush has raised, once again, the specter of midnight regulation. In contrast to the late-term action of the Clinton Administration, much of the Bush Administration‘s late-term action seems to have been more deregulatory than regulatory, but from a political and legal standpoint, that distinction may not make much, if any, difference. While midnight regulation provokes an instinctively negative reaction, it is not completely clear what is wrong with it. This uncertainty arises in part because of the different reasons for midnight regulation. In my earlier work on this subject, I identified four possible reasons for late-term action, and in this Essay I add a fifth, although I confess a lack of knowledge on whether this fifth reason is actually a significant factor in midnight regulation. The original four are: (1) the natural human tendency to work to deadline, which has been referred to in the literature as the ―Cinderella constraint;‖ (2) hurrying to take as much action as possible near the end of the term to project the administration‘s agenda into the future; (3) waiting to take potentially controversial action until the end of the term when the political consequences are likely to be muted; and (4) delay by some external force that prevented the administration from taking desired action until late in the term. The fifth, and new, possible reason for late-term action I call ―timing.‖ Timing is a form of waiting, not based on potential negative consequences, but rather, based on the desire to achieve something positive before the presidential election in order to help either one‘s own reelection bid or the election prospects of the incumbent party. One can imagine, for example, the President delivering an October surprise of favorable regulato-
منابع مشابه
On Blue Midnight Wish Decomposition
Blue Midnight Wish is one of the 14 candidates in the second round of the NIST SHA-3 competition [1]. In this paper we present a decomposition of the Blue Midnight Wish core functions, what gives deeper look at the Blue Midnight Wish family of hash functions and a tool for their cryptanalysis. We used this decomposition for better understanding the insights of Blue Midnight Wish functions and t...
متن کاملThe Association between Midnight Salivary Cortisol and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults
BACKGROUND The common characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Cushing's syndrome suggest that excess cortisol may be involved in the pathogenesis of MetS. Salivary cortisol measurements are simple and can be surrogates for plasma free cortisol, which is the most biologically active form. We evaluated the association between levels of midnight salivary cortisol and MetS in Korean adults...
متن کاملEvaluation of the effects of shift work on nutrient intake: a cross-sectional study.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of shift work on nutrient intakes, including macronutrient intake and micronutrient intake, in a large sample size. The study population included 2,254 male manual workers, 20-59 yr of age, employed in a factory. A self-administered diet history questionnaire was used. The subjects were classified into 3 groups according to their work schedul...
متن کاملComprehensive transcriptome analysis and flavonoid profiling of Ginkgo leaves reveals flavonoid content alterations in day–night cycles
Ginkgo leaves are raw materials for flavonoid extraction. Thus, the timing of their harvest is important to optimize the extraction efficiency, which benefits the pharmaceutical industry. In this research, we compared the transcriptomes of Ginkgo leaves harvested at midday and midnight. The differentially expressed genes with the highest probabilities in each step of flavonoid biosynthesis were...
متن کامل